The leaves were used as potherbs, and the root as a cooked vegetable, nutritious and sweet, but difficult to dig. Teas made in combination with Horsetail grass ( Equisetum hyemale) were considered good for internal inflammations. Pliny the Elder recorded that you could get purple flowers by soaking the plant root in red wine until it absorbed the red color of the wine. Uses go back to Roman times when fresh leaves, bruised and applied, would be used for relieving the pain of foot sores and corns. The leaves are edible, often cooked and eaten as a vegetable. americanum is a North American species, there are a number of species of Erythronium world-wide. This genus flowers best in alluvial soil." (Published in the Sunday Minneapolis Tribune, May 7, 1911.)
A smaller species (Minnesota Dwarf Troutlily, Erythronium propullans) with a rose colored flower is also found in Minnesota. The yellow flowered adder’s tongue (Yellow Troutlily) is common in the Eastern states. It has two shining leaves which spring from a deeply buried bulb.
The latter name, due to the tongue-shaped, brown-blotched leaf, is more appropriate, for the plant is a species of lily and of no kin to a violet. But from them all we single out the dogtooth violet or adder’s tongue for special admiration. In Canada it is found from Ontario eastward except for Newfoundland.Įloise Butler wrote: "With the advance of May, Mother Nature’s spinning wheels whir faster and faster, and the earth-carpet - the most lovely product of her looms - is woven with intricate designs of flowers in bewildering profusion. In North America Yellow Troutlily is found from the Mississippi River eastward except for Florida in the U.S. In neighboring Iowa it is on the "Threatened Species" List. The Yellow Troutlily is native to Minnesota only in counties that border the rivers on the eastern edge of the state, but uncommon. It has been present in the Garden ever since. 23, 1917 from Gillett's Nursery in Southwick, MA and again on Jfrom Hawkins, WI. Eloise Butler's records show that she obtained plants of this species on May 19, 1909, on Oct. Notes: Trout lilies are not indigenous to the Garden. propullans, the Minnesota Dwarf Troutlily where the flower and plant are similar to the White Troutlily but much smaller, with five tepals, and where the method of bulb propagation is distinctively different. albidum, where the flowers are white and E. Another common name is Adder’s tongue refers to the same part of the plant as Eloise Butler explains below.Ĭomparison: There are two species that are similar- White Troutlily, E. The common name refers to the leaves being mottled like the sides of a trout. The author name for the plant classification of 1808 - ‘Ker Gaul.’ is for John Bellenden Ker Gawler (1764?-1842), English botanist who published several botanical works and edited Edward’s Botanical Register from 1815 to 1824. The species, americanum, refers to America. The word is derived from ěrythrŏs, meaning 'red', referring to the mottled spots on the leaves. Names: The genus, Erythronium, is Greek and taken from a similar European species. The best location has moist rich loam with dappled spring sunlight and then shade from the tree canopy when the the hot summer sun arrives. They form dense groupings of which only a small percentage will flower in any given year. New corms form at the end of those stolons. Habitat: The plant forms extensive colonies via stolons sent out from the underground corm. Eloise Butler's thoughts about this plant are given below. The best grouping to view are on the west path between stations 16 to 22. Seed: If a flower matures, an ovoid 3-chambered seed capsule is held erect. The filaments and anthers of the 6 stamens are yellow-orangish and the single style is white with 3 ridges near the tip. They appear before the tree canopy leafs out. They are about 1-1/2 inches long, have 6 petal-like tepals that at maturity, are highly reflexed and the entire head is semi-nodding. Leaves have a smooth waxy surface.įlowers: The single yellow flowers (but they may have a purplish tinge), appear at the top of a flowering stem (a scape) that is 2 to 7 inches high. Leaves are lanceolate, green, irregularly mottled (usually with reddish-brown), are basal, about 6 inches long and 2 inches across, and there are usually two on flowering plants and only one on non-flowering plants. Yellow Troutlily is a native perennial ephemeral of the early spring woods.
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